![]() ![]() Nevertheless, despite the well-recognized importance of magnesium, Mg 2+ availability is not generally determined and monitored in patients, therefore, magnesium has been called the “forgotten cation”. Mg 2+ insufficient levels have been documented in ill patients since the end of the last century. Despite renal conservation, magnesium can be derived from the bone (as well as muscles and internal organs) in order to preserve normal serum magnesium levels when intakes are low, as with calcium. The elimination of magnesium by the kidneys increases of course when there is a magnesium surplus and can decreases to just 1 mEq of magnesium (~12 mg) in the urine during deficits. Mg 2+ stores are indeed tightly regulated via a balanced interplay between intestinal absorption and renal excretion under normal conditions. Īnalogously to calcium, body magnesium content is physiologically regulated through three main mechanisms: intestinal absorption, renal re-absorption/excretion, and exchange from the body pool of magnesium (i.e., bones). In addition, a urinary excretion < 80 mg/ die could indicate a risk of magnesium deficiency, because in this condition renal excretion decreases as a compensatory mechanism. Magnesium levels superior to 2.07 mg/dL (0.85 mmol/L) are most likely linked to systemic adequate magnesium levels, as also reported by Razzaque, who in addition suggests to individuals with serum magnesium levels between 0.75 to 0.85 mmol/L to undergo further investigation to confirm body magnesium status. A serum magnesium level less than 1.7–1.8 mg/dL (0.75 mmol/L) is a condition defined as hypomagnesemia. Up to 70% of all plasma Mg 2+ exists in the ionized (free) active form. ![]() Magnesium concentration within erythrocytes is three times higher than in plasma, where normal magnesium concentrations range between 0.75 and 0.95 millimoles (mmol)/L. More than 99% of the total body Mg 2+ is located in the intracellular space, mainly stored in bone (50–65%), where, together with calcium and phosphorus, it participates in the constitution of the skeleton, but also muscle, soft tissues, and organs (34–39%), whereas less than 1–2% is present in blood and extracellular fluids. The total Mg 2+ body amount varies between 20 and 28 g. The human body contains 760 mg of magnesium at birth and this quantity increases to 5 g at around 4–5 months. Magnesium is the fourth most abundant element in the human body (Ca² + > K + > Na + > Mg² +) and the second most abundant cation within the body’s cells after potassium. Starting from a biochemical point of view, it aims at highlighting the risk due to insufficient uptake (frequently due to the low content of magnesium in the modern western diet), at suggesting strategies to reach the recommended dietary reference values, and at focusing on the importance of detecting physiological or pathological levels of magnesium in various body districts, in order to counteract the social impact of diseases linked to magnesium deficiency. Therefore, this review offers an overview of recent insights into magnesium from multiple perspectives. The measurement of serum magnesium concentration is the most commonly used and readily available method for assessing magnesium status, even if serum levels have no reliable correlation with total body magnesium levels or concentrations in specific tissues. The assessment of magnesium status is consequently of great importance, however, its evaluation is difficult. Habitually low intakes of magnesium and in general the deficiency of this micronutrient induce changes in biochemical pathways that can increase the risk of illness and, in particular, chronic degenerative diseases. Magnesium plays an important role in many physiological functions.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |